38.  Henry Ouram was a blacksmith and printing press maker. John Innes, a printer’s joiner at 77 Dock Street, made and sold copying presses (Brown, Philadelphia Book Trade, p. 65, 91 description begins H. Glenn Brown and Maude O. Brown, A Directory of the Book-Arts and Book Trade in Philadelphia to 1820, New York, 1950 description ends ; Prime, Arts & Crafts, p. 184-5 description begins The Arts & Crafts in Philadelphia, Maryland and South Carolina, ed. Alfred Coxe Prime, New York, 1969, 2 vols. description ends ).

39. TJ had printed for private circulation his letter to Governor John Henry of Maryland, 31 Dec. 1797, explaining his account, in the Notes on Virginia description begins Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia, ed. William Peden, Chapel Hill, N.C., 1955 description ends , of Michael Cresap’s murder of the family of Mingo chief Logan in 1774. Throughout 1797, in a series of political newspaper attacks, Luther Martin of Maryland, Cresap’s son-in-law, questioned TJ’s account of the incident. TJ’s letter to Henry, with further material subsequently collected, was printed as an appendix to the 1800 edition of the Notes (Malone, Jefferson, iii, 346-56 description begins Dumas Malone, Jefferson and His Time, Boston, 1948-1981, 6 vols. description ends ; Notes on Virginia, p. 226-9, 298-300 description begins Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia, ed. William Peden, Chapel Hill, N.C., 1955 description ends ; MB 1775, miscellaneous memoranda).

40. Seven-year-old Calvin Phillips, twenty-six inches high and weighing twelve pounds, was exhibited daily at the house of William McPhail, 77 Dock Street (Philadelphia Porcupine’s Gazette, 16 Jan. 1798).

41. The ceremonial issues raised by this ball, given by the Philadelphia Dancing Assembly at Rickett’s Circus on 23 Feb., caused dissension among the Federalists, but did not affect TJ, who declined attending because of his confirmed habit of not going out in the evenings (Claypoole’s American Daily Advertiser, 14, 22 Feb. 1798; TJ to Thomas Willing, 23 Feb. 1798; Malone, Jefferson, iii, 362-3 description begins Dumas Malone, Jefferson and His Time, Boston, 1948-1981, 6 vols. description ends ).

42.  The Weekly Magazine of Original Essays, Fugitive Pieces, and Interesting Intelligence was edited by James Watters from Feb. until Aug. 1798 and was revived by Ezekiel Forman from Feb. to June 1799. This Philadelphia weekly published essays and poetry and featured the fiction of Charles Brockden Brown (Mott, American Magazines, i, 122 description begins Frank L. Mott, A History of American Magazines, 1741-1850, New York, 1930, 2 vols. description ends ; Sowerby, No. 4898 description begins E. Millicent Sowerby, comp., Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson, Washington, D.C., 1952-1959, 6 vols. description ends ).

43.  James T. Callender, Sketches of the History of America (Philadelphia, 1798; Sowerby, No. 3516 description begins E. Millicent Sowerby, comp., Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson, Washington, D.C., 1952-1959, 6 vols. description ends ).

44. The first American hot-pressed Bible was published in forty numbers from 1796 to 1799 by John Thompson and Abraham Small on Thompson’s hot-press at 34 Carters Alley, Philadelphia (Sowerby, No. 1469 description begins E. Millicent Sowerby, comp., Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson, Washington, D.C., 1952-1959, 6 vols. description ends ; Brown, Philadelphia Book Trade, p. 118 description begins H. Glenn Brown and Maude O. Brown, A Directory of the Book-Arts and Book Trade in Philadelphia to 1820, New York, 1950 description ends ).

45. Dr. Charles Everette (d. 1848) was a Charlottesville physician until 1813, when he moved to Belmont seven miles east of the town. He was attending physician for many years to James Monroe, as well as to TJ and his family (Woods, Albemarle, p. 189-90 description begins Edgar Woods, Albemarle County in Virginia, 1901, repr. Bridgewater, Va., n.d. description ends ; Ammon, Monroe, p. 347, 455 description begins Harry Ammon, James Monroe, New York, 1971. description ends ; Edward C. Mead, Historic Homes of the South-West Mountains [1898, repr. Bridgewater, Va., 1962], p. 77-80).

46. This TJ nephew could be either Lilburne (1776?-1812) or Charles Lewis (1780-1806), both sons of Charles Lilburne and Lucy Jefferson Lewis. The story of Lilburne’s grisly murder of one of his slaves is contained in Merrill, Jefferson’s Nephews description begins Boynton Merrill, Jr., Jefferson’s Nephews: A Frontier Tragedy, Princeton, N.J., 1976 description ends .

47. This was probably Achilles Parker, a wine merchant at 13 and 17 Norris’ Alley (Phila. Dir. 1797 description begins Philadelphia Directory, issued annually with varying imprints description ends ).

48. TJ bought MJE a two-manual harpsichord made by Kirkman of London (Cripe, Jefferson and Music, p. 52-5 description begins Helen C. Cripe, Thomas Jefferson and Music, Charlottesville, Va., 1974 description ends ).

49. This donation was evidently made in response to Callender’s letter to TJ of 21 Mch. 1798, which sought TJ’s help in recovering about $16 owed him for undisclosed services to an unidentified “Society.” Thomas Leiper was one of Callender’s most active supporters.

50.  Joseph Henzey (1743-1796) was a Windsor chair-maker (Hornor, Philadelphia Furniture, p. 297, 301, 306 description begins William M. Hornor, A History of Philadelphia Furniture, Philadelphia, 1935 description ends ).

51.  Lawrence Allwine, at 99 South Front Street, made Windsor chairs and benches decorated with his own patented paint (Prime, Arts & Crafts, p. 165-6 description begins The Arts & Crafts in Philadelphia, Maryland and South Carolina, ed. Alfred Coxe Prime, New York, 1969, 2 vols. description ends ; Hornor, Philadelphia Furniture, p. 300 description begins William M. Hornor, A History of Philadelphia Furniture, Philadelphia, 1935 description ends ).

52. Polish patriot Tadeusz Kosciuszko (1746-1817), who had arrived in America in Aug. 1797, was preparing to leave the country secretly. TJ assisted him in procuring passports and arranging his departure on 5 May, when TJ hired a coach and accompanied Kosciuszko part way to a waiting ship at New Castle, Del. Kosciuszko gave TJ a power of attorney to administer over $12,000 he had received for his service in the American Revolution. TJ turned the management of these funds over to John Barnes, who forwarded the interest payments regularly to Europe for Kosciuszko’s use. Kosciuszko’s will of 5 May 1798, providing for the purchase and emancipation of American slaves and naming TJ as executor, was later declared invalid (Haiman, Kosciuszko, p. 73-84, 119-26 description begins Miecislaus Haiman, Kosciuszko, Leader and Exile, New York, 1946 description ends ; TJ to Robert Liston, 27 Mch. 1798; “Power of Attorney,” 30 Apr. 1798, MHi; Niemcewicz, Travels, p. 66 description begins Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, Under Their Vine and Fig Tree: Travels through America in 1797-1799, 1805, ed. Metchie J. E. Budka, Elizabeth, N.J., 1965 description ends ; MB 27, 28 Apr., 5 May 1798).

53.  William B. Philips was a saddler and harness maker at 17 South Fourth Street (Phila. Dir. 1797 description begins Philadelphia Directory, issued annually with varying imprints description ends ).

54.  Andrew Stevenson was a china merchant at 50 North Second Street (Phila. Dir. 1797 description begins Philadelphia Directory, issued annually with varying imprints description ends ).

55. Philadelphia printer and bookseller James Carey published the triweekly Carey’s United States Recorder from Jan. to Aug. 1798 (Brown, Philadelphia Book Trade, p. 28 description begins H. Glenn Brown and Maude O. Brown, A Directory of the Book-Arts and Book Trade in Philadelphia to 1820, New York, 1950 description ends ; Brigham, History, ii, 895 description begins Clarence S. Brigham, A History and Bibliography of American Newspapers, 1690-1820, Worcester, Mass., 1920, 2 vols. description ends ; Sowerby, No. 594 description begins E. Millicent Sowerby, comp., Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson, Washington, D.C., 1952-1959, 6 vols. description ends ).

56.  James Oram published the weekly Oram’s New-York Price-Current, and Marine Register (Brigham, History, i, 680-1 description begins Clarence S. Brigham, A History and Bibliography of American Newspapers, 1690-1820, Worcester, Mass., 1920, 2 vols. description ends ).

57.  Charles Holt had begun publishing the weekly Bee in New London, Conn., in 1797. One of the Republican editors prosecuted under the Sedition Act who later received financial assistance from TJ, Holt moved the Bee, to which TJ subscribed until 1809, to Hudson, N.Y., in 1802 (Brigham, History, i, 52, 585 description begins Clarence S. Brigham, A History and Bibliography of American Newspapers, 1690-1820, Worcester, Mass., 1920, 2 vols. description ends ; Sowerby, No. 602 description begins E. Millicent Sowerby, comp., Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson, Washington, D.C., 1952-1959, 6 vols. description ends ).

58.  John Trigg of Old Liberty, Bedford County, Va., was serving in Congress at this time (Directory Congress, p. 1830 description begins Biographical Directory of the American Congress, 1774-1971, Washington, D.C., 1971 description ends ; TJ to John Beckley, 17 Apr. 1798).

59.  John Minchin was a boot and shoe manufacturer at 22 South Fourth Street (Phila. Dir. 1798 description begins Philadelphia Directory, issued annually with varying imprints description ends ). He had removed to New Jersey Avenue in Washington by 1801 (Washington National Intelligencer, 2 Feb. 1801).

60. TJ visited Charles Thomson at Harriton, about nine miles northwest of Philadelphia in present Bryn Mawr (Eberlein and Hubbard, Philadelphia, p. 93-103 description begins Harold Donaldson Eberlein and Cortlandt Van Dyke Hubbard, Portrait of a Colonial City: Philadelphia, 1670-1838, Philadelphia, 1939 description ends ).

61. Polish poet Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz (1758-1841), whom TJ had known in Paris, had accompanied Tadeusz Kosciuszko to America in 1797. Feeling forsaken and impoverished by Kosciuszko’s sudden secret departure, he appealed to TJ for funds to make a tour of the United States. He returned the money in 1799 (Niemcewicz to TJ, 27 May, 9 June 1798; TJ to Niemcewicz, 1 June 1798; Niemcewicz, Travels, p. 267-8 description begins Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, Under Their Vine and Fig Tree: Travels through America in 1797-1799, 1805, ed. Metchie J. E. Budka, Elizabeth, N.J., 1965 description ends ; Eugene Kusielewicz, “The Jefferson Niemcewicz Correspondence,” The Polish Review, ii, No. 4 [1957], 7-21; MB 19 Feb. 1799).

62. TJ had engaged Aaron Burr to represent James Currie in the recovery of funds from Robert Morris, both on Morris’ own account and in connection with the John Tayloe Griffin case (TJ to Burr, 20, 26 May, 16 June 1798).

63. Housejoiner James Dinsmore (d. 1830), whom TJ had engaged for his building operations, went to Monticello in Oct. 1798 and lived and worked there until 1809. He was the principal joiner for the remodeling of Monticello, with particular responsibility for important interior finish work. He also worked for James Madison at Montpelier and John H. Cocke at Bremo, and settled in Albemarle County, where he died. In 1815 TJ wrote of Dinsmore that he had never known “a more faithful, sober, discreet, honest and respectable man” (AlCWB, x, 109 description begins Albemarle County Will Books, Albemarle County Courthouse, Charlottesville, Va. description ends ; TJ to Benjamin Latrobe, 11 May 1815).

64. 1797.

65. TJ, as president of the American Philosophical Society, became security for part of the $1,600 borrowed by the Society to satisfy the demand of the executors of Benjamin Franklin for repayment of the £500 loan made in 1787 to complete the construction of Philosophical Hall. Franklin’s estate was paid in full 19 June 1798 (Whitfield J. Bell, Jr., American Philosophical Society, to Editors, 25 Jan. 1973).

66. This may have been the day that TJ, concerned about Federalist spies, rode by a circuitous route to Stenton to visit Deborah Logan, whose husband George had left for Europe on 12 June on his personal peace mission (Frederick B. Tolles, George Logan of Philadelphia [New York, 1953], p. 171-2; Malone, Jefferson, iii, 377-8 description begins Dumas Malone, Jefferson and His Time, Boston, 1948-1981, 6 vols. description ends ).

67.  James Thompson kept the Indian Queen tavern at Fourth and Market streets (Dumbauld, Jefferson Tourist, p. 183 description begins Edward Dumbauld, Thomas Jefferson, American Tourist, Norman, Okla., 1946 description ends ).

68.  Sedgwick & Co. or a Key to the Six Per Cent Cabinet (Philadelphia, 1798; Sowerby, No. 3517 description begins E. Millicent Sowerby, comp., Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson, Washington, D.C., 1952-1959, 6 vols. description ends ). A few days later Callender fled from the looming threat of arrest under the Sedition Act, signed into law on 14 July. He took refuge at Stevens T. Mason’s Loudoun County home, Raspberry Plain, where TJ sent him a $50 contribution which does not appear in MB (Callender to TJ, 22 Sep. 1798; TJ to Callender and to Mason, 11 Oct. 1798).

69. TJ had always intended leaving Philadelphia before the rising of Congress, which occurred 16 July, but had postponed his departure for a week to observe the consequences of John Marshall’s arrival from France and to weather the storm caused by George Logan’s secret embarkation (TJ to James Madison, 21 June 1798).

70.  Rhodes’ tavern was about six miles north of Bladensburg near present Beltsville, Prince Georges County, Md. (W.P.A. Writers’ Project, Maryland: A Guide to the Old Line State [New York, 1940], p. 311; Traveller’s Directory, “Road from Philadelphia to Washington,” map 21) description begins S. S. Moore and T. W. Jones, The Traveller’s Directory, or a Pocket Companion: Shewing the Course of the Main Roads from Philadelphia to Washington, Philadelphia, 1802 description ends .

71. TJ arrived in Fredericksburg on 30 June and was saluted by a local artillery company. On Sunday, 1 July, he was feted at a public dinner hosted by local Republicans, which caused Federalist detractors to accuse him of violating the Sabbath (Philadelphia Aurora, 12 July, 2 Aug. 1798; Robert Troup to Rufus King, 2 Oct. 1798, in C. R. King, ed., Life and Correspondence of Rufus King [New York, 1894], ii, 432).

72.  Gabriel Long kept a Spotsylvania County ordinary (Spotsylvania County Court Order Book, 1792-1795, Spotsylvania County Courthouse, Spotsylvania, Va.).

73.  Phill was sent to Eppington to learn the state of health of MJE, whose illness had prevented her expected arrival at Monticello (TJ to MJE, 13, 14 July 1798).

74.  David Higginbotham, at this time a factor for Robert Rives & Co. in Milton, built there a flourishing mercantile business to which TJ became perpetually indebted. In 1813, in a triangular arrangement which transferred TJ’s debt from Higginbotham to William Short, Higginbotham bought Short’s Indian Camp lands, on which he built Morven (TMR to TJ, 13 Jan. 1798; Malone, Jefferson, vi, 82-3 description begins Dumas Malone, Jefferson and His Time, Boston, 1948-1981, 6 vols. description ends ; Rawlings, Ante-bellum Albemarle, p. 7 description begins Mary Rawlings, Ante-bellum Albemarle: Albemarle County, Virginia, Charlottesville, Va., 1935 description ends ).

75. TJ reversed the figures; the total is 7s–10d.

76. The Genius of Liberty, established in Fredericksburg in Oct. 1797 by George Carter, was a Republican semiweekly published until Oct. 1800 by Carter, Robert Mercer (d. 1800), and others (Brigham, History, ii, 1114 description begins Clarence S. Brigham, A History and Bibliography of American Newspapers, 1690-1820, Worcester, Mass., 1920, 2 vols. description ends ; Sowerby, No. 574 description begins E. Millicent Sowerby, comp., Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson, Washington, D.C., 1952-1959, 6 vols. description ends ).

77.  Bennett Henderson’s mill, located on the Rivanna River just above Milton, had been built while TJ was in France. The mill became inoperative in 1803, when the Hendersons’ dam was demolished after TJ’s successful injunction. It was dismantled in 1804, by which time TJ owned the land on which it stood (MB 23 Sep. 1795, 14 July 1801; TJ to James Rawlings, 31 July 1817; Plat of division of Henderson estate, Nov. 1801, ViU).

78.  James McGee (McGehee) was beginning to sheathe and shingle the roof of the Monticello house, which had been largely uncovered since 1797 and was destined to remain open at its north end for another winter (TJ to TMR, 4 Dec. 1798; TJ to MJE, 8 Mch. 1799).

79. This may have been the black doctor who seems to have hastened the death of four of TJ’s most valued slaves, Jupiter, Ursula, and the two Georges (MJR to TJ, 30 Jan. 1800).

80. TJ wrote “rescinded” across this entry.

81.  The Examiner, Richmond’s semiweekly voice of Republicanism, was established in Dec. 1798 by Meriwether Jones and John Dixon and was published until 1804 (Brigham, History, ii, 1139 description begins Clarence S. Brigham, A History and Bibliography of American Newspapers, 1690-1820, Worcester, Mass., 1920, 2 vols. description ends ; Sowerby, No. 578 description begins E. Millicent Sowerby, comp., Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson, Washington, D.C., 1952-1959, 6 vols. description ends ).

82.  Julius Clarkson (d. 1812), Milton merchant, was probably collecting for the clearing of the Rivanna River from Milton to Charlottesville. TJ did not take an active role in this project because that section of the river passed through his own land (Woods, Albemarle, p. 167 description begins Edgar Woods, Albemarle County in Virginia, 1901, repr. Bridgewater, Va., n.d. description ends ; TJ to Benjamin H. Latrobe, 18 Oct. 1798).

83.  Benjamin Hyde kept an Orange County ordinary (Orange County Court Minute Book, 1797-1806, p. 61, Orange County Courthouse, Orange, Va.).