4. Born in Bern, son of the famous Swiss intellectual Albrecht von Haller, Emmanuel (1747–1833?) married into a prominent Dutch merchant family and moved to Paris in August, 1777. There he joined with Jean Girardot de Marigny to take over, under the name of Girardot, Haller & Cie., what used to be the Necker family bank. The new firm tried unsuccessfully to become primary bankers to the American commission. Known as a brilliant though not always scrupulous businessman, Haller used his contacts in Holland, England and Paris to speculate broadly on the war. He was a long-standing associate of Thomas Walpole, whose Paris correspondence was forwarded through the firm (see above, under July 14). In August, 1778, Haller arranged a clandestine transfer of £50,000 in English funds from Bancroft to Walpole. Lüthy, Banque protestante, II, 406–7, 603–6, 619–23.