66.  Rachael (b. 1773), daughter of Cate and James Hubbard (b. 1743), was the wife of James (b. 1772). They and their children had been moved from Poplar Forest to Lego in 1811 or 1812.

67. The exigencies of wartime had compelled the federal government to revive the direct tax and some of the internal duties swept away during TJ’s administration. The carriage tax was $10 on phaetons and $4 on two-wheeled vehicles. According to the new internal revenue system established in 1813, Virginia was divided into twenty-six collection districts. TMR was collector of the nineteenth district, which included Albemarle, Amherst, Fluvanna, and Nelson counties; TJR was his deputy (U.S. Statutes at Large description begins The Public Statutes at Large of the United States of America from the Organization of the Government in 1789 to March 3, 1845, ed. Richard Peters, Boston, 1848, 8 vols. description ends , iii, 22-34, 40-1, 53-72; TJR receipts, 23 Jan. 1814, MHi).

68.  Samuel Greenhow was treasurer of the Bible Society of Virginia, which was founded in Richmond in 1813 with Rev. John Buchanan as president. TJ “chearfully” forwarded his contribution, expressing his agreement with Greenhow that “there never was a more pure and sublime system of morality delivered to man than is to be found in the four evangelists” (TJ to Greenhow, 31 Jan. 1814; Greenhow to TJ, 11 Nov. 1813, 4 Feb. 1814; Address of the Managers of the Bible Society of Virginia to the Public [Richmond, 1813]).

69. David Higginbotham’s itemized account for TJ’s purchases from 3 Aug. 1812 to 27 July 1813 is in MHi. Included in the settlement was $60 Higginbotham owed TJ for renting a house on his lands near Milton and $11 for woodcutting rights.

70. That is, yard goods, blankets and hats for distribution to TJ’s slaves (David Higginbotham account, Aug. 1812-July 1813, MHi).

71. Conveyed to TJ by his mother in 1773, Caesar (1749-1820), whom TJ called “notorious for his rogueries” in 1792, was a farm laborer at Tufton and later at Monticello. He was the slave who was for three days trapped beneath the Monticello floor boards with the Jefferson silver, after he and Martin Hemings had concealed it from the occupying British soldiers in 1781 (TJ to TMR, 12 Oct. 1792; Randolph, Domestic Life, p. 56 description begins Sarah N. Randolph, The Domestic Life of Thomas Jefferson, 1871, repr. Charlottesville, Va., 1978 description ends ).

72. This landau, the first true coach TJ had ever possessed in Virginia, was made almost entirely by his own slaves. TJ designed it, John Hemings made the woodwork, Joe Fosset and Moses made the ironwork, Burwell painted it, and Charlottesville carriage maker Elijah Rosson did the finishing work. It was lined with scarlet rattinet and driven by four horses with postilions. For the rest of his life TJ used this vehicle, which was reported to resemble a mill hopper, for his longer journeys (Farm Book, p. 114 description begins Thomas Jefferson’s “Farm Book,” 1774-1826. Reproduced in facsimile in Betts, Farm Book. MHi description ends ; Bear, Jefferson at Monticello, p. 60, 62, 102 description begins Jefferson at Monticello, ed. James A. Bear, Jr., Charlottesville, Va., 1967 description ends ; Nichols, No. 533 description begins Thomas Jefferson’s Architectural Drawings, ed. Frederick D. Nichols, 4th ed., Charlottesville, Va., 1978 description ends ; TJ to William Richardson, 6 [May] 1814; TJ to Hugh Chisholm and to Craven Peyton, 10 May 1814; Peachy Gilmer to Francis W. Gilmer, 3 Oct. 1815, printed in Davis, Gilmer, p. 90 description begins Richard Beale Davis, Francis Walker Gilmer, Richmond, 1939 description ends ).

73. This was probably Beverly Hemings (b. 1798), son of Sally Hemings. He was a Monticello carpenter who ran away and evidently passed into the white world in 1822 (Edmund Bacon to TJ, 16 July 1820; Madison Hemings reminiscences, 1873, printed in Brodie, Jefferson, p. 473).

74. Bremo became part of the four-horse team which drew TJ’s landau (Betts, Farm Book, p. 105-7 description begins Thomas Jefferson’s Farm Book, ed. Edwin M. Betts, Princeton, N.J., 1953 description ends ; Bear, Jefferson at Monticello, p. 60-1 description begins Jefferson at Monticello, ed. James A. Bear, Jr., Charlottesville, Va., 1967 description ends ).

75.  Elijah Ham was overseer at Lego from 1812 to 1816 (TJ to TMR, 26 Aug. 1811; Farm Book, p. 143, 145, 149 description begins Thomas Jefferson’s “Farm Book,” 1774-1826. Reproduced in facsimile in Betts, Farm Book. MHi description ends ).

76.  Daniel Ferrell Carr (d. 1847), son of Garland Carr, succeeded his father at Bentivar. A MS family memoir by his son Dr. William G. Carr is in ViU (Woods, Albemarle, p. 161 description begins Edgar Woods, Albemarle County in Virginia, 1901, repr. Bridgewater, Va., n.d. description ends ).

77. U.S. Congressman and lawyer Hugh Nelson (1768-1836), son of Thomas Nelson (1738-1789), lived at Belvoir in northeastern Albemarle County.

78. TJ had had twenty-four iron moldboards cast in Richmond from a model of his own moldboard of least resistance (TJ to John Staples, 4 May 1814; Malone, Jefferson, iii, 214-17 description begins Dumas Malone, Jefferson and His Time, Boston, 1948-1981, 6 vols. description ends ; Betts, Farm Book, p. 47-64 description begins Thomas Jefferson’s Farm Book, ed. Edwin M. Betts, Princeton, N.J., 1953 description ends ).

79. See MB 7 Nov. 1775.

80. TJ had been subscribing since 1810 to the New York reprint of the Edinburgh Review, or Critical Journal, which had been established in 1802. From Philadelphia publisher and author John Fanning Watson (1779-1860), TJ had ordered three volumes missing from his set and had subscribed to a republished edition, in fourteen volumes, of the first seven years of the Review; he received the last of these in Oct. 1816. After the sale of his library to Congress in 1815, TJ soon purchased replacement copies of the Review and continued to subscribe to this distinguished British journal, which he considered “unrivalled in merit” and on its way to becoming “a real Encyclopaedia” (TJ to Watson, 17 May 1814, 16 Oct. 1816; TJ to Fitzwhylson & Potter, 12 Oct. 1816; Sowerby, No. 4733 description begins E. Millicent Sowerby, comp., Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson, Washington, D.C., 1952-1959, 6 vols. description ends ).

81.  Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, History of the Expedition . . . to the Sources of the Missouri (Philadelphia, 1814). For TJ’s interest in and contribution to the publication of the findings of the Lewis and Clark expedition, see Sowerby, No. 4168 description begins E. Millicent Sowerby, comp., Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson, Washington, D.C., 1952-1959, 6 vols. description ends ; Jackson, Letters of Lewis and Clark, ii, 562, 584-98 description begins Donald Jackson, ed., Letters of the Lewis and Clark Expedition with Related Documents 1783-1854, 2d ed., Urbana, Ill., 1978, 2 vols. description ends ; and Paul Russell Cutright, A History of the Lewis and Clark Journals (Norman, Okla., 1976).

82. TJ had subscribed to William Barton’s Memoirs of the Life of David Rittenhouse, pubished in Philadelphia in 1813 (Sowerby, No. 529 description begins E. Millicent Sowerby, comp., Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson, Washington, D.C., 1952-1959, 6 vols. description ends ).

83.  Clifton Harris’ itemized account of TJ’s taxes and tickets, receipted 27 Sep. 1814, is in MHi.

84. TJ’s slave Lazaria (b. 1797), the daughter of Rachael (b. 1776), lived at Tufton. From Dec. 1814 she was called Maria (Farm Book, p. 147 description begins Thomas Jefferson’s “Farm Book,” 1774-1826. Reproduced in facsimile in Betts, Farm Book. MHi description ends ). Lucy (b. 1783), the daughter of Wagoner Phill and Molly, was a farm laborer at Lego. TJ gave Lucy and her children to TJR in 1820 (TJ to Craven Peyton, 27 Nov. 1818).

85.  Bartlet (b. 1786), the son of Wagoner Phill and Molly, had been a nailer, lived at this time on the Monticello farm, and from 1817 lived at Lego. Eve (b. 1779), the daughter of Poplar Forest slaves Cate and James Hubbard, lived at Lego.

86. Correctly “I desired him to let.”