89. According to the TJ Index, 1779-1782 description begins Thomas Jefferson manuscript indexes for the Memorandum Books, 1767-1826, bound with them, except for 1773 (unlocated), 1776-1778 and 1779-1782 (ViU) description ends , this was Archibald Blair, clerk of the Council, who accompanied TJ throughout much of this first day of continuous efforts to save the public records and military stores from the invading British forces under General Benedict Arnold. Arnold’s troops reached Richmond on 5 Jan., destroyed the Westham foundry, and were well back down the James River by 7 Jan. A complete record of TJ’s conduct in this crisis is in Papers, iv, 256-77 description begins Julian P. Boyd and others, eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Princeton, N.J., 1950- description ends , and Malone, Jefferson, i, 336-41 description begins Dumas Malone, Jefferson and His Time, Boston, 1948-1981, 6 vols. description ends . Isaac, one of TJ’s household slaves carried off from Richmond by the British, left an interesting record of Arnold’s raid (Bear, Jefferson at Monticello, p. 6-11 description begins Jefferson at Monticello, ed. James A. Bear, Jr., Charlottesville, Va., 1967 description ends ).

90. It was to Britton’s, a Chesterfield County ferry and ordinary on the James River opposite Westham, that the records and arms removed from Richmond and the foundry were ferried to safety (Papers, iv, 259 description begins Julian P. Boyd and others, eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Princeton, N.J., 1950- description ends ).

91.  Moses Treadway kept an ordinary in Manchester (Papers, iv, 275 description begins Julian P. Boyd and others, eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Princeton, N.J., 1950- description ends ).

92. During the crisis TJ had evidently stored some of his own belongings at the home of Daniel L. Hylton, who had been in charge of the removal of arms to safety. Hylton lived at this time near the Westham foundry at Belvidere, built by William Byrd III near the corner of present Belvidere and China streets, Richmond. It was noted for the brick serpentine wall surrounding the property (Papers, iv, 271 description begins Julian P. Boyd and others, eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Princeton, N.J., 1950- description ends ; Virginius Dabney, Richmond: The Story of a City [New York, 1976], p. 19-20).

93.  Matthew Pope (d. 1792) had just been appointed by the Executive Council chief surgeon of the militia in Virginia; he also served as state apothecary and director of the military hospital in Richmond (Pope to TJ, 22 Jan. 1781, and note; Blanton, Medicine in Virginia, p. 347 description begins Wyndham B. Blanton, Medicine in Virginia in the Eighteenth Century, Richmond, 1931 description ends ).

94.  John Wayles Eppes (JWE) (1773-1823), son of Francis and Elizabeth Wayles Eppes, married TJ’s daughter Maria in 1797 (see Monticello Association Papers, p. 154-66 description begins Collected Papers to Commemorate Fifty Years of the Monticello Association of Descendants of Thomas Jefferson, ed. George Green Shackelford, Princeton, N.J., 1965 description ends ).

95.  Samuel DuVal (1714-1783), prominent Richmond citizen and a director of public buildings, lived at Mount Comfort just north of the town. He had an interest in the Deep Run coal pits in Henrico County (Ward and Greer, Richmond During Revolution, p. 42, 80 description begins Harry M. Ward and Harold E. Greer, Jr., Richmond during the Revolution, 1775-1783, Charlottesville, Va., 1977 description ends ; Hening, Statutes, xii, 222 description begins William Waller Hening, The Statutes at Large; Being a Collection of All the Laws of Virginia, Richmond, 1809-1823, 13 vols. description ends ).

96.  William Foushee (1749-1824), a prominent surgeon, became the first mayor of Richmond in 1782 (Blanton, Medicine in Virginia, p. 326-7 description begins Wyndham B. Blanton, Medicine in Virginia in the Eighteenth Century, Richmond, 1931 description ends ; Ward and Greer, Richmond During Revolution, p. 17-18 description begins Harry M. Ward and Harold E. Greer, Jr., Richmond during the Revolution, 1775-1783, Charlottesville, Va., 1977 description ends ).

97. Richmond merchant Henry Banks (1761-1836) had formed the partnership of Hunter, Banks & Co. in 1780 for furnishing military supplies (Ward and Greer, Richmond During Revolution, p. 132-3, 141 description begins Harry M. Ward and Harold E. Greer, Jr., Richmond during the Revolution, 1775-1783, Charlottesville, Va., 1977 description ends ; CVSP, v, 306-10 description begins Calendar of Virginia State Papers and Other Manuscripts, ed. William P. Palmer and others, Richmond, 1875-1893, 11 vols. description ends ; Latrobe, Virginia Journals, ii, 534-5 description begins Edward C. Carter II, ed., The Virginia Journals of Benjamin Henry Latrobe, New Haven, 1977, 2 vols. description ends ).

98. Dr. Slop was the incompetent male midwife in Laurence Sterne’s Tristram Shandy.

1.  Bett (b. 1759), also called Betty Brown, was a daughter of Betty Hemings. Described at this time as a “housewoman,” she was one of the Monticello household servants for most of her life (Bear, Jefferson at Monticello, p. 6 description begins Jefferson at Monticello, ed. James A. Bear, Jr., Charlottesville, Va., 1967 description ends ). Her child born at this time was Wormley (1781-after 1851).

2. For a lively description of the hard-drinking Davy Watson by one of TJ’s slaves, see Bear, Jefferson at Monticello, p. 20 description begins Jefferson at Monticello, ed. James A. Bear, Jr., Charlottesville, Va., 1967 description ends . Watson worked at Monticello until 1784, briefly in 1792, and again from 1793 to 1797.

3.  Thomas Hutchins, who was named geographer to the United States in July, had published his New Map of the Western Parts of Virginia, Pennsylvania, Maryland and North Carolina, with an accompanying descriptive pamphlet, in London in 1778 (Sowerby, No. 525 description begins E. Millicent Sowerby, comp., Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson, Washington, D.C., 1952-1959, 6 vols. description ends ; James Madison to TJ, 1 May 1781).

4.  James Hayes had come to Richmond from Maryland to manage the public printing press established by a contract with the Philadelphia printer John Dunlap (TJ to Virginia Delegates, 31 Aug. 1780). Publication of Hayes’ weekly Virginia Gazette, or, the American Advertiser description begins Virginia Gazette (Williamsburg, 1751-1780, and Richmond, 1780-1781). Abbreviations for publishers of the several newspapers of this name, frequently published concurrently, include: D & H (Dixon & Hunter), P & D (Purdie & Dixon), R (Rind) description ends did not begin until 22 Dec. 1781 (Brigham, History, ii, 1150-1 description begins Clarence S. Brigham, A History and Bibliography of American Newspapers, 1690-1820, Worcester, Mass., 1920, 2 vols. description ends ).

5. This transaction took place at Westham (Fee Book: RJ account description begins Thomas Jefferson’s “Fee Book,” 1767-1774, containing entries pertaining to his law practice. Indexed. Miscellaneous accounts, 1764-1794. 187 bound quarto leaves. CSmH description ends ).

6.  David Burton was sent to Prince Edward County to inform Robert Lawson (c. 1748-1805) of his appointment as brigadier general in the Virginia militia (TJ to Lawson, 11 May 1781; Madison, Papers, ii, 170 description begins The Papers of James Madison, ed. William T. Hutchinson and others, vols. 1-10, Chicago, 1962-1977, vols. 11-, Charlottesville, Va., 1977- description ends ). TJ was at Henry Skipwith’s Hors du Monde in Cumberland County.

7.  Henry Young was quartermaster general for the state of Virginia (William Davies to TJ, 31 Mch. 1781).

8.  Serafino Formicola, an Italian said to have come to Virginia as Lord Dunmore’s mâitre d’hôtel, kept a tavern on Main Street between present Fifteenth and Seventeenth streets. By May 1789 he had moved further west to the Eagle tavern (Chastellux, Travels, ii, 428, 594 description begins Travels in North America in the Years 1780, 1781, and 1782 by the Marquis de Chastellux, ed. Howard C. Rice, Jr., Chapel Hill, N.C., 1963, 2 vols. description ends ; Dumbauld, Jefferson Tourist, p. 46 description begins Edward Dumbauld, Thomas Jefferson, American Tourist, Norman, Okla., 1946 description ends ; Ward and Greer, Richmond During Revolution, p. 4-5 description begins Harry M. Ward and Harold E. Greer, Jr., Richmond during the Revolution, 1775-1783, Charlottesville, Va., 1977 description ends ; MB 5 June 1794).

9.  John Bolling, Jr. (b. 1762), TJ’s nephew (Fee Book: John Bolling account description begins Thomas Jefferson’s “Fee Book,” 1767-1774, containing entries pertaining to his law practice. Indexed. Miscellaneous accounts, 1764-1794. 187 bound quarto leaves. CSmH description ends ).

10.  John Clark was Richmond’s first cabinetmaker (Papers, iv, 223 description begins Julian P. Boyd and others, eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Princeton, N.J., 1950- description ends ; Wallace B. Gusler, Furniture of Williamsburg and Eastern Virginia 1710-1790 [Richmond, 1979], p. 164).

11.  Ambrose, a slave inherited from John Wayles, was a farm laborer at Elk Hill.

12.  Cornwallis had sent a detachment of dragoons under Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton to disrupt the Virginia government, which had removed from Richmond to Charlottesville. Warned of the approach of the British by militia captain John Jouett, Jr., TJ and most of the legislators narrowly escaped capture. Part of Tarleton’s force under Captain McLeod arrived at Monticello minutes after TJ’s departure to the south, “thro’ the woods along the mountains.” TJ overtook his family, sent off earlier, at John Coles’ Enniscorthy, where they dined. The next day they reached Geddes, the home of Hugh Rose on the Tye River, about seven miles northeast of present Amherst in Amherst County. On 7 June, probably after learning from Mr. Thomas that the British had left his home unmolested after a brief occupation, TJ returned alone to Monticello. On 12 June he returned to Geddes to prepare his family for the journey to Poplar Forest, where they remained until the end of July. For TJ’s accounts of his action during the crisis of his final days as governor, see Papers, iv, 260, 265 description begins Julian P. Boyd and others, eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Princeton, N.J., 1950- description ends ; see also Malone, Jefferson, i, 355-8 description begins Dumas Malone, Jefferson and His Time, Boston, 1948-1981, 6 vols. description ends , and, for Jack Jouett’s ride, Virginius Dabney, “From Cuckoo Tavern to Monticello,” The Iron Worker, xxx (1966), 1-13.

13. According to the TJ Index, 1779-1782 description begins Thomas Jefferson manuscript indexes for the Memorandum Books, 1767-1826, bound with them, except for 1773 (unlocated), 1776-1778 and 1779-1782 (ViU) description ends , this ordinary was kept by Thomas Jopling, who lived in Amherst (now Nelson) County on the Rockfish River, probably near Jopling’s ford, which was about four miles northwest of present Howardsville, Albemarle County (Lenora H. Sweeny, Amherst County, Virginia, in the Revolution [Lynchburg, Va., 1951], p. 108; Woods, Albemarle, p. 64 description begins Edgar Woods, Albemarle County in Virginia, 1901, repr. Bridgewater, Va., n.d. description ends ).

14.  Abraham Warwick kept an ordinary at Findlay’s Gap a few miles east of Amherst Courthouse, now Colleen in Nelson County (Sweeny, Amherst County, p. 84).

15.  David Ross’ Oxford Iron Works, the largest producer of pig iron in Virginia in this period, were located about eight miles southeast of Lynchburg in present Campbell County (Charles B. Dew, “David Ross and the Oxford Iron Works,” WMQ, 3d ser., xxxi [1974], 189-224; Notes on Virginia, p. 27-8 description begins Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia, ed. William Peden, Chapel Hill, N.C., 1955 description ends ).

16. This Dr. Brown, according to the TJ Index, 1779-1782 description begins Thomas Jefferson manuscript indexes for the Memorandum Books, 1767-1826, bound with them, except for 1773 (unlocated), 1776-1778 and 1779-1782 (ViU) description ends , a resident of Amelia County, has not been further identified. TJ had fallen from his horse while riding about his Poplar Forest farm and, as he later reported, was “disabled from riding on horseback for some months” (Papers, iv, 261, 266, 268 description begins Julian P. Boyd and others, eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Princeton, N.J., 1950- description ends ). He used this period of inactivity to draw up the answers to the queries of François Marbois that became his Notes on Virginia description begins Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia, ed. William Peden, Chapel Hill, N.C., 1955 description ends .

17. The merchant and farmer John Hook operated a store in partnership with David Ross near New London, Bedford (now Campbell) County (R. H. Early, Campbell Chronicles and Family Sketches [Lynchburg, Va., 1927], p. 33, 35).

18. Johnson Mountain is about ten miles northwest of Poplar Forest near present Perrowville in Bedford County (S. S. Lynn, Map of Bedford County [Washington, D.C., 1931]).

19.  William Short (1759-1849) had accompanied the Jefferson family on their flight from Monticello and during their subsequent stay at Poplar Forest. A 1779 graduate of the College of William and Mary, Short had been reading law under George Wythe and was closely associated with TJ for the next decade. As TJ later recalled, he “put himself under my guidance at 19. or 20. years of age. He is to me therefore as an adoptive son” (TJ to John Trumbull, 1 June 1789; George G. Shackelford, “William Short, Jefferson’s Adopted Son,” Ph.D. diss., University of Virginia, 1955).

20.  Thomas Bennet was overseer at Poplar Forest (MB 22 July 1782).

21. Patrick Henry’s cousin Edmund Winston, at this time a state senator, lived at Chestnut Hill, which was on the James River one mile downstream from Lynch’s ferry and within the present limits of Lynchburg (CVSP, iii, 547; Chambers, Lynchburg, p. 6, 510 description begins Calendar of Virginia State Papers and Other Manuscripts, ed. William P. Palmer and others, Richmond, 1875-1893, 11 vols. description ends ; Cabell, Sketches of Lynchburg, p. 225 description begins Margaret C. Cabell, Sketches and Recollections of Lynchburg, Lynchburg, Va., 1854 description ends ).

22. TJ’s slave Isaac described the blacksmith William Orr, who worked at Monticello for two years, as a hard-drinking deserter (Bear, Jefferson at Monticello, p. 3-4, 20 description begins Jefferson at Monticello, ed. James A. Bear, Jr., Charlottesville, Va., 1967 description ends ).

23. At Point of Fork in Fluvanna County the Rivanna River flows into the James River.

24.  Goliah, a slave inherited from PJ, was a vegetable gardener at Monticello.

25. TJ recovered the household slaves carried off from Richmond in January, but of the slaves dispersed from his Goochland and Cumberland county plantations during the occupation of Cornwallis’ troops in June, thirty never returned, most having died of smallpox or camp fever. For TJ’s losses during the British invasion of Virginia, see his statement of loss, 27 Jan. 1783, Papers, vi, 224-5 description begins Julian P. Boyd and others, eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Princeton, N.J., 1950- description ends , TJ to William Gordon, 16 July 1788, and Farm Book, p. 29 description begins Thomas Jefferson’s “Farm Book,” 1774-1826. Reproduced in facsimile in Betts, Farm Book. MHi description ends .

26. TJ went to Richmond as a newly elected delegate to the assembly, which he attended from 10 to 22 Dec. The first three days were taken up with the inquiry into his conduct as governor (see Malone, Jefferson, i, 361-9 description begins Dumas Malone, Jefferson and His Time, Boston, 1948-1981, 6 vols. description ends ).

27. The Richmond merchant Alexander Nelson, a partner in the firm Nelson, Heron & Co., had a brick store near the tobacco warehouses (Ward and Greer, Richmond During Revolution, p. 132-3, 141 description begins Harry M. Ward and Harold E. Greer, Jr., Richmond during the Revolution, 1775-1783, Charlottesville, Va., 1977 description ends ).