1To James Madison from Thomas Appleton, 5 March 1801 (Abstract) (Madison Papers)
5 March 1801, Leghorn. Encloses copy of Cathcart’s 3 Jan. circular letter, received on 3 Feb. Has forwarded copies to American consuls in Sicily, Naples, Elba, Genoa, Barcelona, Málaga, and Alicante; believes as a result all Americans now in Mediterranean will avoid capture. Discusses his effort to enlist aid of Belleville, French chargé d’affaires in Tuscany, in persuading pasha to wait...
2To James Madison from Thomas Appleton, 3 June 1801 (Abstract) (Madison Papers)
3 June 1801, Leghorn. Notes that in consequence of Cathcart’s circular letters warning of a war with Tripoli an embargo has been laid on American vessels in Leghorn harbor. Cathcart’s arrival in Leghorn has confirmed the propriety of the measure. Has transmitted Cathcart’s letters to other American consulates in Italy, Spain, and France. Encloses copy of Cathcart’s 2 June circular on Barbary...
3To James Madison from Thomas Appleton, 9 July 1801 (Abstract) (Madison Papers)
9 July 1801, Leghorn. Forwards dispatches from Cathcart and encloses a copy of Cathcart’s circular of 11 May. Notes that in laying embargoes on American shipping consuls in Mediterranean have used their own judgment. Considers that not only would ships and cargoes be endangered by allowing them to depart singly but pasha wants to take captives in order to force his terms on the U.S. These...
4To James Madison from Thomas Appleton, 10 August 1801 (Abstract) (Madison Papers)
10 August 1801, Leghorn. Sent previous dispatch of 9 July by way of Paris, covering dispatches from Cathcart, who is now in Leghorn. Forwards copy of circular letter received from Tunis; has distributed it to foreign consuls in Leghorn and American consuls in Italy, Trieste, Smyrna, France, Spain, Holland, Hamburg, and London. His receipt of timely information from Barbary States and...
5To James Madison from Thomas Appleton, 28 September 1801 (Abstract) (Madison Papers)
28 September 1801, Leghorn. Fears his dispatch of 9 July may have been lost in a postal robbery at Nice. Announces that American ship Columbia and schooner Raven were seized on the suspicion of their being British property but General Murat, on his request, ordered them to be released. Has found Murat to be prompt in responding to requests for favors or justice. Current political situation in...
6To James Madison from Thomas Appleton, 12 December 1801 (Abstract) (Madison Papers)
12 December 1801, Leghorn. Lack of a conveyance to the U.S. has prevented him from writing for over six weeks. The “panic of peace” has suspended commercial negotiations, a situation worsened by the arrival of more U.S. vessels within fifteen days than at any period during his residence. Declares that American trade with Italy, though not extensive, has been “most lucrative” during the past...
7To James Madison from Thomas Appleton, 15 January 1802 (Abstract) (Madison Papers)
15 January 1802, Leghorn. Encloses a list of American vessels in port during the past year [not found], a statement of his expenditures for distressed seamen during the same period [not found], a copy of the Napoleonic constitution accepted by the Republic of Lucca, and an estimate of the empire’s losses during the war. Reduced number of American ships in port results from the British blockade...
8To James Madison from Thomas Appleton, 20 February 1802 (Abstract) (Madison Papers)
20 February 1802, Leghorn. Wrote last on 15 Jan. enclosing list of U.S. shipping and account of expenditures for distressed seamen. His preceding letter [12 Dec.] mentioned the congress at Lyons on the form of government for the Cisalpine Republic. In future, this will be known as the Italian Republic; encloses a copy of the principal articles that form the basis of its constitution. Its...
9To James Madison from Thomas Appleton, 1 June 1802 (Abstract) (Madison Papers)
1 June 1802, Leghorn. Has nothing of note to report except the “great embarkation of french troops in the different ports of Italy,” which required the impressment of “twenty or more vessels of various nations indiscriminately.” Among these was the Syren , Captain Reilly, of Philadelphia. “I remonstrated against the proceedure, and should, I am persuaded have obtained her release from so...
10To James Madison from Thomas Appleton, 10 July 1802 (Abstract) (Madison Papers)
10 July 1802, Leghorn. Reports that on 8 July he was informed by the Danish consul of the arrival of two armed Tripolitan galliots in Algiers; encloses a translation of a letter on the subject and declares that he “lost not a moment” in warning American ships at Leghorn. Encloses a copy of a letter from O’Brien at Algiers, received 9 July, which he forwarded to “all our Consuls on the European...