RC (DLC: Madison Papers); endorsed by TJ as received 11 Jan. 1821 and so recorded in SJL. Enclosure: Tench Coxe to Madison, Philadelphia, 28 Dec. 1820, stating that he is still looking for the copies of Congressional debates desired by Madison; reporting on his researches into matters relevant to the Missouri question, noting that “My materials have been historical, constitutional & statutory; and I have satisfied myself, that as the black & colored people were not, in 1774. 1776. 1781. (the Confederation) 1787 the date of the constitution, parties to our social compacts (provincial or state) so that cannot have entered or be admitted without grave and customary form,” enclosing one of his “mild and calm addresses” to Quakers on the subject, and requesting Madison to forward it to TJ; remarking that in Pennsylvania, “Our electors are all citizens paying taxes. We have native blacks and yellows, not taxed lest they should apply to vote, excluded by the Commissioners from all juries and from arbitrations; by law from the Militia; by the courts from all retail sales of wine & distilled spirits; from the benefit of tuition ordained, without notice of color, for ‘the poor, gratis’ but tho arranged under a law not excluding blacks & yellows, so dispensed by eminent quakers, members of the abolition society, that no black or mulattoe has ever been admitted!”; complaining that “some are for an abolition, without compensation, of all Pennsa slaves and servants of 28 years, of slave parents, increasing the free suddenly, at a moment of Haytian civil war, extensive black & red armaments in Spanish & Portuguese America, and of great embarrassment from our own 200.000 free colored people”; and concluding that, inasmuch as free blacks are clearly “a messy, increasing unmanagable evil” in Philadelphia, and even more so in New York City, “from whose workhouses, common Gaols and penitentiaries we have detailed accounts,” it remains to be determined how African Americans can best be “disposed of with justice and policy” (RC in DLC: Madison Papers; docketed by Madison; printed in Madison, Papers, Retirement Ser., 2:193–5).