87. This carriage horse, called Bedford, died in March (TJ to TJR, 31 Mch. 1815).

88. French emigré educator Louis Hue Girardin (1771-1825) was at this time living four miles east of Monticello at Glenmore, where, with TJ’s books and suggestions, he was preparing his continuation of John Daly Burk’s History of Virginia (Sowerby, No. 464 description begins E. Millicent Sowerby, comp., Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson, Washington, D.C., 1952-1959, 6 vols. description ends ; Edith Philips, Louis Hue Girardin and Nicholas Gouin Dufief [Baltimore, 1926], p. 1-55).

89. TJ’s patriotic intentions as well as his financial condition had prompted him to offer his library to Congress after the destruction of its library by the British in 1814. Congress approved the purchase of TJ’s lifetime collection of over 6,700 volumes in Jan. 1815. TJ spent much of the ensuing spring preparing his library for shipment to Washington and made his usual spring journey to Poplar Forest only after the departure of the last wagonload of books in early May (TJ tally sheet, undated, DLC: TJ Papers, 37212; see Malone, Jefferson, vi, 169-84 description begins Dumas Malone, Jefferson and His Time, Boston, 1948-1981, 6 vols. description ends ; and Sowerby description begins E. Millicent Sowerby, comp., Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson, Washington, D.C., 1952-1959, 6 vols. description ends , which is a catalogue of the titles TJ sold).

90. TJR’s farm was Shadwell, which—excluding the mills and canal—TJ had given him in 1813. An adjoining 400-acre piece of Edgehill had been conveyed to him by his father by 1815 (AlCDB, xix, 154-5, 322 description begins Albemarle County Deed Books, Albemarle County Courthouse, Charlottesville, Va. description ends ). After his marriage to Jane Hollins Nicholas at Warren in Mch. 1815, TJR and his wife lived in the dome room at Monticello until 1817, when they removed to a house at Tufton. By the summer of 1815 TJR had begun to assume the direction of all TJ’s Albemarle County farming operations and from 1818 he leased TJ’s Tufton and Lego farms, paying a rent of flour and farm produce. In 1821 TJ turned the direction of his Bedford County properties over to his grandson (TJ to William Newby, 21 June 1815; TJR Memoirs, ViU; Malone, Jefferson , vi, 160-1, 314-15 description begins Dumas Malone, Jefferson and His Time, Boston, 1948-1981, 6 vols. description ends ).

91. Wellington was mainly a carriage horse (Betts, Farm Book, p. 107 description begins Thomas Jefferson’s Farm Book, ed. Edwin M. Betts, Princeton, N.J., 1953 description ends ).

92. According to TJ’s granddaughter, Bedford County resident John Watts was “the only decided enemy that my dear Grandfather has in the neighborhood” (Ellen W. Randolph to Virginia J. Randolph, 14 Aug. 1819, ViU).

93. Correctly $820.49.

94. TMR and Thomas Eston Randolph were joint tenants of TJ’s Shadwell manufacturing mill from July 1814. TMR soon retired and T. E. Randolph continued to lease the mill during TJ’s lifetime, for part of that time in partnership with Daniel Colclaser. For particulars of the annual rent payments, made sometimes in cash and sometimes in flour, see the TJ-Randolph correspondence in MHi.

95. This carriage horse was Tecumseh (Betts, Farm Book, p. 107-8 description begins Thomas Jefferson’s Farm Book, ed. Edwin M. Betts, Princeton, N.J., 1953 description ends ).

96. TJ’s slave Israel (b. 1800), son of Ned and Jenny, was sent to Snowden to get a set of harness TJ had lent his brother (TJ to RJ, 23 June 1815; RJ to TJ, 23 June 1815). Israel was a scullion and waiter for the Monticello household, as well as a driver and postilion for TJ’s landau and a carder in the cloth factory (TJ to MJR, 6 June 1814; Ellen W. Randolph to MJR, 28 July 1819, ViU). Sold after TJ’s death, he purchased his own freedom from his owner, Thomas Walker Gilmer (1802-1844), took the surname Jefferson, and removed to Ohio. His reminiscences, taken down in 1873, are printed in Brodie, Jefferson, p. 477-82 description begins Fawn M. Brodie, Thomas Jefferson: An Intimate History, New York, 1974 description ends .

97. This money was sent to Europe through the agency of Philadelphia banker Stephen Girard (1750-1831) for the purchase of books and wine. Young Bostonian George Ticknor (1791-1871), while at Monticello in February, had offered to help TJ replace some of the “literary treasures” sold to Congress, and $350 of this money was forwarded to him for the purchase of the mainly classical titles TJ could not live without. The remaining $200 was sent to Stephen Cathalan in Marseilles for a supply of white Hermitage, red Bellet, and Roussillon wines (TJ to Girard, 10 July 1815; TJ to John Vaughan, 11, 15 July 1815; TJ to Ticknor, 4 July 1815; TJ to Cathalan, 3 July 1815; MB 8 June, 12 July, 11 Nov. 1816). See Malone, Jefferson, vi, 185-99 description begins Dumas Malone, Jefferson and His Time, Boston, 1948-1981, 6 vols. description ends , on TJ’s replacement library—most of which is listed in Library Catalogue, 1829 description begins Catalogue: President Jefferson’s Library, Washington, D.C., 1829 description ends —and his reading tastes in his last years.

98.  L. H. Girardin was at this time one of the publishers of the Daily Compiler and Richmond Commercial Register, which had been established in 1813. TJ probably received the semiweekly country edition (Brigham, History, ii, 1137 description begins Clarence S. Brigham, A History and Bibliography of American Newspapers, 1690-1820, Worcester, Mass., 1920, 2 vols. description ends ).

99.  James Hunter Terrell (d. 1856) succeeded his father, Chiles Terrell, at the Music Hall estate northeast of Monticello (Woods, Albemarle, p. 326 description begins Edgar Woods, Albemarle County in Virginia, 1901, repr. Bridgewater, Va., n.d. description ends ; Edward C. Mead, Historic Homes of the South-West Mountains Virginia [1898, repr. Bridgewater, Va., 1962], p. 153-8).

1. TJ had set out to visit his ailing brother early on this day, but, learning at Scott’s ferry (Scottsville) of his death, returned to Monticello without crossing the river to Snowden (TJ to Wilson C. Nicholas, 9 Aug. 1815).

2. TJ’s slave Gill (b. 1792), son of Ned and Jenny, was a driver, postilion, and house servant at Monticello (Brodie, Jefferson, p. 478 description begins Fawn M. Brodie, Thomas Jefferson: An Intimate History, New York, 1974 description ends ).

3.  William Ballard was overseer at Tufton in 1814 and 1815 at an annual wage of £65 (Betts, Farm Book, p. 153-4 description begins Thomas Jefferson’s Farm Book, ed. Edwin M. Betts, Princeton, N.J., 1953 description ends ).

4. TJ went to Buckingham Courthouse to appear as a witness in a suit between the widow and children of RJ, who had left two wills. TJ, who had helped RJ prepare the first will, supported the claims of the children (TJ deposition, 15 Sep. 1815, ViU). The tavernkeepers were Bolling Branch and Guerrant Staples (Buckingham County Personal Property List, 1815, Vi). Staples’ bill and most of TJ’s other tavern bills for September are in MHi.

5.  Charles Hoyle kept the Indian Queen tavern in Lynchburg (Lynchburg Press, 21 Feb. 1817).

6. TJ and his guests, the Abbé Joseph Correa de Serra (1750-1823) and Francis Walker Gilmer (1790-1826), were staying with Christopher Clark at Mount Prospect on the Otter River between Liberty (now Bedford) and the Peaks of Otter. According to a report that reached Gilmer’s brother, they passed two days “taking the elevation of the Peaks of Otter and then exploring the sides of them for subjects botanical” (Peachy Gilmer to F. W. Gilmer, 3 Oct. 1815, printed in Davis, Gilmer, p. 90). For TJ this visit was preliminary to a second one he made in November to determine the elevation of the two peaks (see note 14 below). At that time he also revised his September estimate of the latitude of Sharp Top, bringing it somewhat closer to the correct 37°25′. The three scientific travellers left Mount Prospect for the Natural Bridge on 19 Sep. The next day TJ parted from his friends “on” the bridge and, while they turned south to make a two-month tour of the southern states, he travelled east, crossing the James River at Greenlee’s ferry near present Natural Bridge Station and the Blue Ridge at Petit’s gap. He lodged at David Douglas’ ordinary six miles beyond the gap and just north of present Charlemont in Bedford County (TJ to Correa, 1 Jan. 1816; TJ’s pocket notes of expences and mileages, with calculations of latitudes on verso, Sep. 1815, CSmH; Böÿe, Map of Virginia description begins Herman Böÿe, Map of the State of Virginia, 1825, corrected 1859, repr. in E. M. Sanchez-Saavedra, A Description of the Country: Virginia Cartographers and Their Maps, 1607-1881, Richmond, 1975 description ends ). On TJ’s friendship with the learned Portuguese abbé and the brilliant young son of Dr. George Gilmer, see Malone, Jefferson, vi, p. 163-4 description begins Dumas Malone, Jefferson and His Time, Boston, 1948-1981, 6 vols. description ends ; Davis, Gilmer description begins Richard Beale Davis, Francis Walker Gilmer, Richmond, 1939 description ends ; and Richard Beale Davis, “The Abbé Correa in America, 1812-1820,” Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., n.s., xlv, pt. 2 (1955), p. 87-197.

7.  Robert Douthat kept an ordinary in the building known as the Stone Castle about two miles southwest of the Natural Bridge (E. P. Tompkins and J. Lee Davis, The Natural Bridge and its Historical Surroundings [Natural Bridge, Va., 1939], p. 12-13). The correct latitude of the bridge is 37°37′40″.

8. Dr. William Steptoe, son of TJ’s old friend James Steptoe, lived between Poplar Forest and New London, in which town he had a shop and office (Lynchburg Press, 4 Aug. 1814). Steptoe’s itemized accounts of his treatment of the Poplar Forest slaves are in ViU.

9. Correctly $386.98.

10. This entry may mark the reappearance of Critta Hemings’ son, James (b. 1787), who had run away from Monticello in 1804 (TJ to James Oldham, 20 July 1805; Oldham to TJ, 23 July 1805). James found the eyepiece for the telescope of the reflecting circle TJ had bought in 1808 (MB 7 Mch. 1808).

11. TJ’s page numbers refer to MB entries for 17 Sep., 17 Nov. 1810, and 22 and 23 June, 5 July 1814.

12. Correctly $672.25.

13. On this date TJ attended a public dinner given by the citizens of Lynchburg for General Andrew Jackson, who had called on TJ at Poplar Forest on 4 Nov. (Holcombe et al. to TJ, 4 Nov. 1815; TJ to MJR, 4 Nov. 1815; TJ to Christopher Clark, 5 Nov. 1815).

14. TJ had returned to Mount Prospect, this time bearing his Ramsden theodolite, to take observations for determining the elevation of the Peaks of Otter. After five days there he returned to Poplar Forest and spent five more days making geometrical calculations (TJ to Charles Clay, 18 Nov. 1815; TJ to Christopher Clark, 14 Sep., 5 Nov. 1815; Clark to TJ, 31 Aug., 2 Nov. 1815). TJ’s field notes and calculations are in MHi and his conclusions appear as a manuscript note to his Notes on Virginia (Notes, p. 262-3).

15.  Sally (b. 1812) was the daughter of Aggy (b. 1789) and granddaughter of Poplar Forest slaves Dick and Dinah. The sale was cancelled in 1817 (TJ to Jeremiah Goodman, 30 Nov. 1815, 20 July 1817; MB 5 Mch. 1821).

16. Finding affairs at Poplar Forest in disarray on his arrival in May, TJ had dismissed his overseers Jeremiah Goodman and Nimrod Darnell and had hired Joel Yancey, who lived on an adjoining farm, to superintend his Bedford County property. From 1815 through 1821, at an annual salary of $400, Yancey was in charge of all operations at Poplar Forest and was responsible for hiring the overseers for the two plantations there: Bear Creek in the northern portion and Tomahawk (formerly designated Poplar Forest) in the southern portion of the property and near the main house (Goodman to TJ, 16 June 1815; TJ to William P. Newby, 21 June 1815; TJ to Yancey, 2 Jan. 1822).