George Hadfield (1763–1826), architect and younger brother of TJ’s friend Maria Cosway, was born in Florence, Italy, and educated at the Royal Academy of Arts in London early in the 1780s. After working as an assistant to the noted designer James Wyatt, 1784–90, he won a scholarship from the Royal Academy and spent several years back in Italy honing his craft. In 1795 Hadfield came to Washington, D.C., to superintend the construction of the United States Capitol. Friction with his fellow architect William Thornton, among other things, led to his dismissal from that position three years later. Hadfield subsequently patented a machine for making bricks and tiles, founded an architectural academy, became a naturalized American citizen in 1802, and designed many buildings in and around Washington, including an arsenal, a branch of the Second Bank of the United States, the city hall, a jail, a theater, and Arlington House, the mansion that overlooks what later became Arlington National Cemetery. He died at his residence in Washington (ANB description begins John A. Garraty and Mark C. Carnes, eds., American National Biography, 1999, 24 vols. description ends ; DAB description begins Allen Johnson and Dumas Malone, eds., Dictionary of American Biography, 1928–36, repr. 1968, 20 vols. in 10 description ends ; PTJ description begins Julian P. Boyd, Charles T. Cullen, John Catanzariti, Barbara B. Oberg, James P. McClure, and others, eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, 1950– , 45 vols. description ends , esp. 33:462–3; Edward C. Carter II and others, eds., The Journals of Benjamin Henry Latrobe [1977–80], 3:72; C. M. Harris and Daniel Preston, eds., Papers of William Thornton [1995– ], vol. 1; List of Patents description begins A List of Patents granted by the United States from April 10, 1790, to December 31, 1836, 1872 description ends , 22; Hadfield’s naturalization record [DNA: RG 21, CCDCMB, 14 Aug. 1802]; Washington Daily National Intelligencer, 6, 13 Feb. 1826; gravestone inscription in Congressional Cemetery, Washington).