George Washington Papers

To George Washington from Joseph Anderson, 2 November 1796

From Joseph Anderson

State of Tennessee Jefferson County
2nd November 1796

Sir

Impress’d with that deference, with which from a Very early period of my life—I have been taught to Venerate and respect, your great and exalted Charecter—permit me, once more (perhaps for the last time) to adress you.

The great the important era, which will e’er long deprive the Citizens of the United States—of the Patronage to which they have been long accustomed; and under which they have become, a great, free, and independant people—will I fear from the disposition, that too evidently prevails in our public Councils—prove distructive of the happiness and dignity of our riseing Republic—The adress great Sir with which you have favoured the american people, Contains precepts, and a train of reasoning, which cannot fail to impress the mind, of every thinking Citizen1—Those precepts being Supported by your example, dureing an arduous administration; may perhaps, preserve some degree of Political Unanimity in the General Government, dureing the remainder of your days, which may the Author of our being greatly prolong[.] But even upon that ground I have my fears—party I doubt, hath already taken too deep a root—It hath even extended its baneful influence, to the infant State of Tennessee2—A leading Charecter of this Country—(and who is now one of the Senators[)]—when pressing some of the most influential Men to agree, to become a Member State of the General Government—gave as a Cogent, Political reason, that it wou’d give the Southern interest the ballance of power in the Senate—Such sentiments thus inculcated, are of pernecious consequence in every Governmen⟨t,⟩ they teach the Citizens of one State, to View with a Jealous eye, those of another, as possessing interests directly repugnant—and those Sentiments being Nurtur’d, among the Citizens, of the respective States—they are carried from thence, into the General Government—The Charecter above alluded to, hath already established a most decided party in this State, in favour of those Sentiments3—It gives me Sensible pain, when I contemplate the injury that Such Conduct, (if not check’d) must one day bring upon my Country—Tis now upwards of twenty years, since I engaged in its Service4—though then young, I considerd the States, as haveing but one Common interest—that Series of Observation, hath confirm’d me, in my former Opinion; and I am now firmly convinc’d, that naught but Unanimity, can long preserve, our Consolidated existance—With Sorrow I behold, almost all the great officers of this State, of a party—establishd by the influence and designs of one man—and yet not content—I have Solid reason to believe, that the same man (and who is now a Senator) means if practicable, to procure another Gentleman of the same party, to be appointed District Judge of this State—There are too persons I am told in Contemplation—one of them is a young man, now about five and twenty—whose name is Claibourne—and who about three years ago—wrote as a Clerk in Mr Becklys Office5—The other is a Gentleman of the Bar, who hath been Sometime in practice, in this Country—of the name of Rhea—a decided party man—and under the immediate influence, of the Charecter above Mention’d, one of those two persons, is if possible to be appointed District Judge6—in exclusion of Judge Campbell—To whom, it hath been Supposed, the appointment might probably be given, he have[ing] been the Seneor Territorial Judge—against him nothing can be Objected, but his have-ing been rigid, in the execution of the Laws, and in Supporting the treaties of the United States, when a Judge—and a man of such ⟨a⟩ Charecter, will in my Opinion, best Suit the meridian ⟨of⟩ this Country—In the Judiciary, Judge Campbell ha⟨s⟩ already been tryed—and I think him much better qualif⟨ied⟩ to fill that important appointment, than either of the Gent⟨le⟩men, of whom I have Spoken7—I must crave your pardon Great Sir, for presuming to Suggest to you a Sin⟨gle⟩ Idea, upon the Subject of any appointment—And had I ⟨not⟩ seen your late adress to the Citizens of America, I shoud not have dar’d to adress you, a line upon the Subject—but impress’d as I am, with the Justice of its precepts, and the Solidity of reasoning therin Containd; and intending, to pas⟨s⟩ the remainder of my days in this Country; I feel myself call’d upon, to give if possible a check to the rageing disposition of party—by Suppressing it in States, it may be a means of preserving harmony in those little Republics—and thereby lessen its influence in the Grand Councils of the Nation. with Sincere wishes, for your Temporal and eternal happiness I am with great Respect—your most Obedt Servt

Jos: Anderson

ALS, DNA: RG 59, Miscellaneous Letters. No reply to Anderson from GW has been found.

2Tennessee was admitted as a state on 1 June 1796 (see McHenry to GW, 12 July, and n.4 to that document).

3Anderson refers to either William Blount or William Cocke, the two U.S. senators from Tennessee, who had served with him in the 1796 state convention that framed Tennessee’s constitution. Blount is the more likely candidate, since he had used his influence while governor of the Southwest Territory to advocate for Tennessee’s admission as a state. He had done so in order to protect settlers from Indians and to increase land values. Blount also had served in the state constitutional convention as a delegate from Knox County, which was adjacent to Jefferson County, represented by Anderson. Anderson had been part of a group that regularly opposed Blount’s viewpoints in the state convention (see Masterson, Blount description begins William H. Masterson. William Blount. Baton Rouge, La., 1954. description ends , 266–67, 283–84, 288–92; see also Samuel C. Williams, The Admission of Tennessee Into the Union [Nashville, Tenn., 1945], 7–10; and Blount to John Gray Blount, 28 March and 24 April 1795, and Willie Blount to John Gray Blount, 22 Sept. 1795, in Blount Papers description begins Alice Barnwell Keith et al., eds. The John Gray Blount Papers. 4 vols. Raleigh, N.C., 1952–82. description ends , 2:520–23, 535–36, 594–95).

4For Anderson’s military service during the Revolutionary War, and for his tenure as a territorial judge, see his letter to GW, 11 June 1790, and the source note to that document.

5For the recommendations of William Charles Cole Claiborne as federal district judge for Tennessee, see John Blair to GW, 16 Dec. 1796, and the enclosure to that document; Timothy Pickering to GW, c.17 Feb. 1797; and Andrew Jackson to GW, 8 Feb. 1797.

William Charles Cole Claiborne (1775–1817), a native of Sussex County, Va., worked as a young man in the office of John Beckley, the clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives. Claiborne assisted Beckley with the copying of congressional acts and resolutions and with drafting bills for various committees. In 1794, he began practicing law in Sullivan County in the Tennessee Territory, and two years later served as a member of the Tennessee constitutional convention. Claiborne represented Tennessee in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1797 to 1801. In the early nineteenth century, he served as governor of the Mississippi Territory, the Orleans Territory, and later the state of Louisiana. He represented Louisiana in the U.S. Senate in 1817.

6Tennessee senators Blount and Cocke, both Democratic Republicans, later recommended John Rhea as federal district judge for Tennessee (see Blount and Cocke to GW, 17 Jan. 1797). Jackson also recommended Rhea for that post in his letter to GW of 8 February.

John Rhea (1753–1832) immigrated from Ireland to the United States in 1769. During the Revolutionary War, he served as an ensign in the 7th Virginia Regiment from January 1777 until his dismissal the following November. Rhea, who had moved to Sullivan County, Tenn., by 1778, reportedly took part in the Battle of Kings Mountain, S.C., in October 1780. He graduated from Princeton College in 1780, gained admission to the North Carolina bar in 1789, and worked as a clerk for Sullivan County’s court from 1785 to 1790. A member of the Tennessee constitutional convention in 1796, Rhea was attorney general of Greene County, Tenn., that same year. He served in the Tennessee legislature from 1796 to 1797, and represented that state as a Republican in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1803 to 1815 and again from 1817 to 1823.

7GW received several letters expressing reservations about the abilities of David Campbell, a territorial judge. He later appointed John McNairy to the post of federal district judge (see GW to the U.S. Senate, 17 Feb. 1797; see also Cocke to GW, 1 Feb. 1797).

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