76. Over the years TJ’s Rockbridge County agent William Caruthers had collected $90 from the saltpeter mining leases of the Natural Bridge tract. At Caruthers’ request TJ donated $25 of this income to the three-year-old Anne Smith female academy in Lexington (Caruthers to TJ, 25 July 1809; TJ to Caruthers, 9 Oct. 1810). Twyman Wayt (d. 1861) and his brother-in-law John Winn (d. 1835) conducted a Charlottesville mercantile business (Woods, Albemarle, p. 340-1, 346-7 description begins Edgar Woods, Albemarle County in Virginia, 1901, repr. Bridgewater, Va., n.d. description ends ).

77. TJ may never have meant to cross the James River as far east as New Canton in northeastern Buckingham County. Travelling on horseback, he had become lost on his way to visit Charles Alexander Scott (1777-1843), who at this time lived three miles west of New Canton at his Virginia Mills on the Slate River. TJ may have wished to discuss the mill business with Scott, who was a great builder of mills (TJ to MJR, 17 Feb. 1811; TJ to Scott, 9 Feb. 1811; Mutual Assurance Society policy declaration, 14 July 1810, Vi). The next day TJ recrossed the James at Scott’s ferry (now Scottsville), stopped for the night with the Nicholases at Warren, and thereafter pursued his usual route to Poplar Forest.

78. TJ’s 1810 Poplar Forest tobacco crop netted him, after deductions for overseers’ shares, $2,731.99, which was deposited with Gibson & Jefferson in Richmond (Harrison to TJ, 8 June 1811).

79.  Robert Patterson (1743-1824), Philadelphia mathematician and director of the mint, supplied TJ with John Garnett’s American reprint of the English Nautical Almanacs for 1811 and 1812 (Patterson to TJ, 12 Mch. 1811; Sowerby, No. 3810 description begins E. Millicent Sowerby, comp., Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson, Washington, D.C., 1952-1959, 6 vols. description ends ).

80.  Thomas Eston Randolph’s payments of this date and 10 Apr. settled an account for the rent of parts of TJ’s Milton lands and of Lego, which Randolph leased in 1808 and 1809 (TJ to Randolph, 7 June 1808, 2 Apr. 1811).

81. This was probably Sally (b. 1792), daughter of Lewis and Jenny. TJ gave her to TJR in 1812. Aggy (1789-1815), the daughter of Isabel and Davy, lived with her husband Charles on TJ’s Lego farm. Her sister Lilly (b. 1791) lived at Tufton.

82. This payment was the eight-percent annual interest on $4,500, a sum which TJ now owed to Tadeusz Kosciuszko. At the suggestion of John Barnes, TJ, as Kosciuszko’s fiduciary, had lent to himself the $4,500 received on the retirement of some of Kosciuszko’s eight-percent bank certificates. With these funds TJ had Barnes pay off the $3,706 he still owed the Bank of the United States in Washington and the remaining $866 he owed to Barnes himself. By relieving him of a bank loan which involved two of his friends as endorsers—Barnes and James Madison—this proposal seemed to TJ like “a ray of light beaming on my uneasy mind,” while for his part Kosciuszko continued to receive the same interest payments and was happy to oblige his friend. After the sale of his library to the government in 1815, TJ restored the principal to Kosciuszko’s funds in Barnes’ hands (TJ to Barnes, 24 May, 15 June 1809; Malone, Jefferson, vi, 39-41 description begins Dumas Malone, Jefferson and His Time, Boston, 1948-1981, 6 vols. description ends ; MB 29 Apr. 1815).

83. These were eight stewholes for the kitchen at Monticello (TJ to Foxall, 24 Mch. 1809).

84. Each year for the rest of his life TJ gave his slave cabinetmaker John Hemings and his butler Burwell twenty dollars each, as what he called their “annual gratuity.”

85.  Walter Coles (1772-1854), the eldest son of John Coles of Enniscorthy, lived at Woodville in southern Albemarle County (Woods, Albemarle, p. 172 description begins Edgar Woods, Albemarle County in Virginia, 1901, repr. Bridgewater, Va., n.d. description ends ).

86.  John Patterson was a son-in-law of Wilson Cary Nicholas and lived near him in southern Albemarle County (Woods, Albemarle, p. 291, 314 description begins Edgar Woods, Albemarle County in Virginia, 1901, repr. Bridgewater, Va., n.d. description ends ).

87. All of this was applied to the repayment of TJ’s 1775 bond to Richard Harvie, which by accumulated interest had more than doubled. After this payment £94–12–4 sterling remained due (MB 18 Apr. 1775; James Lyle account, 6 July 1811, MHi).

88. Correctly $3,251.94.

89.  Robert Rives had imported from London for TJ Catharine Macaulay’s History of England, published in London in 1778, and William Mitford’s History of Greece, published in London in 1808 (Sowerby, Nos. 23, 386 description begins E. Millicent Sowerby, comp., Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson, Washington, D.C., 1952-1959, 6 vols. description ends ).

90.  Martha Jefferson Carr died 3 Sep. of “a wasting complaint which has for two or three years been gaining upon her” (TJ to RJ, 6 Sep. 1811). On 5 Sep. she was buried beside her husband, Dabney Carr, in the Monticello graveyard, which was the scene, at noon on 13 Sep., of a simple funeral ceremony conducted by Charles Wingfield (TJ to Wingfield, 8 Sep. 1811; Wingfield to TJ, 12 Sep. 1811).

On 17 Sep. 1811 TJ took advantage of an annular eclipse of the sun to make observations for determining the longitude of Monticello (Weather Memorandum Book 1776-1820, p. 60, DLC; TJ to Payne Todd, 10 Oct. 1811; TJ to William Lambert and Bishop James Madison, 29 Dec. 1811).

91. Colored plains.

92.  Charles Lewis Bankhead (1788-1835) of Port Royal, Caroline County, had married TJ’s granddaughter Anne Cary Randolph (1791-1826) on 19 Sep. 1808. By 1812 the Bankheads had purchased and moved to Carlton, an 800-acre farm that adjoined Monticello on its western side and to which TJ added 130 acres in 1815, as a gift to his granddaughter (Monticello Association Papers, p. 67-75 description begins Collected Papers to Commemorate Fifty Years of the Monticello Association of Descendants of Thomas Jefferson, ed. George Green Shackelford, Princeton, N.J., 1965 description ends ; AlCDB, xviii, 27-9, xix, 322-4 description begins Albemarle County Deed Books, Albemarle County Courthouse, Charlottesville, Va. description ends ).

93. Because of Edmund’s death during the term of his hire, TJ assumed he had to pay only a proportion of the amount due, but he eventually had to pay for a whole year of service (MB 8 July 1812; TJ to Nathaniel Hooe, 20 Oct. 1810, 3 Nov. 1811; John Dangerfield to TJ, 5 June 1812).

94. TJ bought this set of china through TMR’s sister Harriet Randolph Hackley, wife of Richard S. Hackley, an American consular agent in Spain.

95.  Sarah Williamson kept a Fluvanna County tavern about seven miles southwest of present Palmyra near present Kidd’s Store (Fluvanna County Court Order Book, 1807-1811, p. 598; Fluvanna County Sketchbook [Richmond, 1963], p. 56; Ellen Miyagawa, Palmyra, Va., to Editors, 29 Sep. 1982).

96.  John Hartwell Cocke (1780-1866), later TJ’s important associate in the founding of the University of Virginia, was living at this time at Bremo Recess just north of present Bremo Bluff, Fluvanna County. He did not occupy the Jefferson-influenced mansion he built a mile or so to the west at Upper Bremo until 1820 (M. Boyd Coyner, Jr., “John Hartwell Cocke of Bremo,” Ph.D. diss., University of Virginia, 1961, p. 35-40).

97. In 1810 JWE had sold out his interest in the family holdings in Chesterfield County and removed to Millbrook three miles from Willis Mountain in eastern Buckingham County (JWE to TJ, 1 Nov. 1810). His brother-in-law Archibald Thweatt, who represented the Wayles executors in the litigation with the Bathurst Skelton executors, was now the resident owner of Eppington.

98.  John Reid kept an ordinary at the Campbell County seat, now Rustburg (Campbell County Personal Property List, 1814, Vi).

99. The first shock of what is now called the New Madrid series of earthquakes of 1811 and 1812 occurred on 16 Dec. 1811. The largest known earthquake in the present contiguous United States, it was centered in the southeastern part of the present state of Missouri and was perceptible as far away as Boston (Charles F. Richter, Elementary Seismology [San Francisco, 1958], p. 593-4).

1. TJ’s slave Scilla (b. 1794), the daughter of Ned and Jenny, lived on the Lego farm and Virginia (b. 1793), daughter of Bagwell and Minerva, lived at Tufton.

2.  Nimrod Darnell was overseer under Jeremiah Goodman at Poplar Forest until 1815.

3. Having just learned of the death of Hastings Marks, TJ had his widowed sister Anna brought to Monticello, where she lived for the rest of her life (TJ to RJ, 14 Jan. 1812).