28.  John B. Benson was a merchant on Main Street in Charlottesville (Rawlings, Early Charlottesville, p. 73 description begins Mary Rawlings, ed., Early Charlottesville: Recollections of James Alexander 1828-1874, Charlottesville, Va., 1942 description ends ).

29. TJ’s grandson James Madison Randolph (1806-1834) had been the first child born in the President’s House (Monticello Association Papers, p. 148 description begins Collected Papers to Commemorate Fifty Years of the Monticello Association of Descendants of Thomas Jefferson, ed. George Green Shackelford, Princeton, N.J., 1965 description ends ).

30. This was the first shipment of the produce of 1819 to go to Richmond. An “unparallelled drought” followed by the winter ice had stopped traffic on the Rivanna River since June 1819 (TJ to Patrick Gibson, 11 Feb. 1820).

31. The wines received the following week, plus oil, anchovies, macaroni, and raisins (MB 23 Feb. 1820; James H. McCulloch to TJ, 6 and 23 Dec. 1820).

32. Correctly $131.33.

33. TJ’s annual wine order of the previous May had reached Marseilles after the death of his old friend Stephen Cathalan. The assorted wines in small quantities represent an attempt to satisfy TJ’s desire for fifty bottles of Muscat de Lunel, or another wine which best combined the characteristics of sweetness and astringency—terms which TJ explained at length in his order. He preferred the Clairette de Limoux and ordered more in July (TJ to Cathalan, 26 May 1819; Julius Oliver to TJ, 27 Sep., 9 Oct. 1819; TJ to Joshua Dodge, 13 July 1820).

34. Albemarle County’s energetic new Episcopal minister, Frederick W. Hatch, officiated in the county courthouse at Charlottesville until the erection of Christ Church in 1824 (Rawlings, Early Charlottesville, p. 46-8, 64-5 description begins Mary Rawlings, ed., Early Charlottesville: Recollections of James Alexander 1828-1874, Charlottesville, Va., 1942 description ends ; Meade, Old Churches, ii, 51-3 description begins Bishop Meade, Old Churches, Ministers, and Families of Virginia, Philadelphia, 1857, 2 vols. description ends ; Woods, Albemarle, p. 127-9 description begins Edgar Woods, Albemarle County in Virginia, 1901, repr. Bridgewater, Va., n.d. description ends ). MJR seems to have regularly attended Hatch’s services; in 1827 her son-in-law wrote that she was “quite spoiled by the Boston preaching, and dreads the necessity of listening to Mr. Hatch after Greenwood, and Wade, and Channing!” (Joseph Coolidge to N. P. Trist, 5 Jan. 1827, ViU).

35. The bond cancelled by inclusion in this promissory note was that of Burgess Griffin (see MB 20 May 1815). The note, requested by Archibald Robertson because of the dissolution of his partnership with B. Miller, was later transferred for collection to Miller’s agents, Samuel Garland of Lynchburg and then William Barrett of Richmond (Robertson to TJ, 24 Feb. 1820; Garland to TJ, 15 June 1820).

36. Actually 14 Apr. 1818.

37. New York publisher John Binns issued this print of the text of the Declaration of Independence, embellished with portraits of TJ, John Hancock, and George Washington and the seals of the thirteen states. TJ’s print is unlocated (Binns to TJ, 27 July 1819; TJ to Binns, 31 Aug. 1819).

38.  Robert (b. 1799), son of Bett, was a member of the Hemings slave family. He had lived at Monticello until 1816, when he was moved to Lego. It is not known whether TJR bought Robert for himself or sold him for TJ.

39. The 1816 Carr loan (MB 8 Apr. 1816, 19 Oct. 1820).

40. TJ subscribed from 1819 through 1821 to the Analectic Magazine, a Philadelphia monthly devoted to literature, science, and the arts, and its weekly successor, the Literary Gazette. It was the first American magazine to use the technique of lithographic illustration (Mott, American Magazines, p. 279-83 description begins Frank L. Mott, A History of American Magazines, 1741-1850, New York, 1930, 2 vols. description ends ; Edgar, American Magazines, p. 103-4 description begins Neal L. Edgar, A History and Bibliography of American Magazines 1810-1820, Metuchen, N.J., 1975 description ends ; E. Ingersoll invoice, undated, MHi at end 1819; James Maxwell to TJ, 23 Aug. 1820; Library Catalogue, 1829, Nos. 923, 925 description begins Catalogue: President Jefferson’s Library, Washington, D.C., 1829 description ends ; MB 7 Feb. 1822).

41. Since TJ and William Alston (1756-1839) of South Carolina had become friends at the Warm Springs in 1818, they had been exchanging tokens of their esteem. TJ wished to reciprocate Alston’s latest shipment of a barrel of his own polished rice with “the finest family flour in the world,” but soon changed his mind and sent flour made from George Divers’ Chilean wheat (TJ to Bernard Peyton, 25 Mch., 11 Apr. 1820; TJ to MJR, 14 Aug. 1818; TJ to Alston, 6 Oct. 1818; Alston to TJ, 10 Nov. 1818, 6 Jan. 1819; MB 6 Aug. 1821).

42. The first American edition of the works of Captain John Smith, published in Richmond in 1819, joined in two volumes Smith’s True Travels and his Generall Historie of Virginia. Acting on the suggestion of Francis W. Gilmer, eminent Presbyterian divine John Holt Rice (1777-1831) undertook its publication. Rice had spearheaded the attack which had just resulted in the annulment of Thomas Cooper’s contract with the University of Virginia (Richard Beale Davis, “The First American Edition of Captain John Smith’s True Travels and General Historie,” VMHB, xlviii [1939], 97-108).

43.  William Wertenbaker (d. 1882) later served for many years as librarian of the University of Virginia (Bruce, University of Virginia, ii, 197-201 description begins Philip A. Bruce, History of the University of Virginia, 1819-1919, New York, 1920-1922, 5 vols. description ends ). TJ was so outraged by the method used to collect his delinquent insurance premiums—“the first process ever served on me, in a long life, on my own account”—that he temporarily cancelled his policy (TJ to Samuel Greenhow, 21 Apr. 1820; TJ to James Rawlings, 14 May 1820; Rawlings to TJ, 4 May 1820).

44.  Thomas Appleton had sent TJ Bologna hempseed and Tuscan wheat from Italy (Appleton to TJ, 15 Jan. 1820).

45.  Alexander Hepburn, “the best mill wright” TJ had ever known, had repaired the threshing machine at Poplar Forest (TJ to Edmund Bacon, 11 Aug. 1819; Joel Yancey to TJ, 8 Oct. 1819).

46.  Joseph Gilmore repaired the bolting gear of the Shadwell manufacturing mill. The damage had been caused by the settling of the structure’s walls and consequent sinking of the floors (TJ to Thomas E. Randolph, 10 Sep. 1822; Randolph to TJ, 18 Sep. 1822).

47.  Samuel Garland was a prominent Lynchburg attorney (Chambers, Lynchburg, p. 114 description begins S. Allen Chambers, Jr., Lynchburg: An Architectural History, Charlottesville, Va., 1981 description ends ).

48. To Joshua Dodge, the new American consul at Marseilles, TJ directed his annual order for French wines, including one gross of Bergasse claret, 150 bottles of Ledanon, 30 gallons of Roussillon de Rivesalte, and 150 bottles of Clairette de Limoux (TJ to Dodge, 13 July 1820).

49. A travelling company of actors from James Henry Caldwell’s American Company, based at this time in New Orleans, returned each summer to their former Virginia circuit. On 19 Aug., in the middle of their three-week stay in Charlottesville, they performed at the Swan Tavern Animal Magnetism, a three-act comedy by Elizabeth Inchbald, and Thomas Knight’s farce The Turnpike Gate (Charlottesville Central Gazette, 11, 18, 25 Aug., 1 Sep. 1820; James H. Dormon, Jr., Theater in the Ante Bellum South 1815-1861 [Chapel Hill, N.C., 1967], p. 33, 47, 76-9).

50. Correctly $18.555. TJ changed the payment to Brown from $2.75 to $3.25 by overwriting, but failed to revise his total.

51. Farmer’s bank.

52.  John Payne Todd (1792-1852), son of Dolley Madison (Conover Hunt-Jones, Dolley and the “great little Madison” [Washington, D.C., 1977], p. 110).

53. MJR.

54.  JWE liquidated some bank stock and lent TJ $4,000 to be repaid after two years in slaves from Poplar Forest. Because the slaves would not be removed from the estate, which would eventually belong to Francis Eppes, this arrangement accorded well with TJ’s “scruples” against selling slaves, except for “delinquency, or on their own request” (TJ to JWE, 30 June, 29 July 1820; JWE to TJ, 12 June, 19 Aug. 1820; “Valuation of Negroes,” Jan. 1823, ViU:EHR).

55. 1816 (see MB 8 Apr. 1816).

56. TJ paid Andrew Smith for 135 panes of window glass for Monticello and Poplar Forest received from the Boston Crown Glass company in 1819 (TJ to Smith & Riddle, 6 May 1819; Smith to TJ, 18 June 1819).

57. TJ asked Richard Rush (1780-1859), American minister to Great Britain, to purchase for him in London a number of books dealing for the most part with Anglo-Saxon language and history (TJ to Rush, 20 Oct. 1820; Rush to TJ, 14 Mch. 1821; Lackington et al. invoice, 14 Mch. 1821, MHi).

58. Correctly $175.47; the interest was probably $7.80.

59. TJ’s neighbor Dr. Thomas G. Watkins had moved from Tennessee to Albemarle County in 1817 and lived east of Monticello at Glenmore. He attended TJ during a dangerous illness in Oct. 1819 and subsequently advised treatment of TJ’s arthritic legs with bandages from toe to knee (John Pope to TJ, 10 Mch. 1817; Watkins invoice, Oct. 1819-Mch. 1820, MHi at 1 Mch. 1820; TJ to William Short, 13 Apr. 1820). TJ attributed to Watkins the final restoration of his health two years after the unlucky experiment at the baths of Warm Springs and declared that he would trust himself in that doctor’s hands “with more confidence than any one I have ever known in this state” (TJ to James Madison, 28 Jan. 1821; see further Watkins invoices in MHi).

60. TJ’s payment to Dr. Samuel McAfee was for attendance during his Oct. 1819 illness, before the arrival of Dr. Thomas G. Watkins (McAfee invoice, 14 Apr. 1820, MHi at 8 Oct. 1819). TJ described the cause of this brief but severe attack as “a spasmodic stricture of the ileum” (TJ to William Short, 31 Oct. 1819; Malone, Jefferson, vi, 373 description begins Dumas Malone, Jefferson and His Time, Boston, 1948-1981, 6 vols. description ends ).

61. According to Edmund Bacon, Eagle was TJ’s last riding horse (Betts, Farm Book, p. 108-9 description begins Thomas Jefferson’s Farm Book, ed. Edwin M. Betts, Princeton, N.J., 1953 description ends ).

62. For the classical titles TJ ordered from Baltimore bookseller Henry Guegan, see TJ to Guegan, 27 Aug. and 1 Sep. 1820.

63. Lynchburg contractor Matthew Brown supplied and laid brick for several of the pavilions at the University of Virginia. The buildings of Lynchburg, some of them constructed by Brown, exhibited “the most beautiful brick work” TJ had ever seen (TJ to Benjamin Latrobe, 16 July 1817; Chambers, Lynchburg, p. 45; Bruce, University of Virginia, i, 191 description begins S. Allen Chambers, Jr., Lynchburg: An Architectural History, Charlottesville, Va., 1981 description ends ).